Understanding Lone Actor Terrorism: Past Experience, Future Outlook, and Response Strategies by Michael Fredholm

Author:Michael Fredholm [Fredholm, Michael]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781138100510
Goodreads: 27192945
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2016-02-15T00:00:00+00:00

The shaming effect, a pragmatic way to explain women’s participation

The woman has therefore clear tasks that are all linked to more conservative family values. This seems to be the case in all forms of radical conservative group. That women get involved at all in violent crimes in conservative, extreme environments provides a form of shaming effect on men.96 “Maria,” engaged in right wing extremist environments in Sweden, puts it like this: “I want to be involved in all activities so as not to give anyone an excuse to stay away. I mean, if I, as a woman get involved without whining, men must do at least the same.”97 The same applies when women commit terrorist offenses in such environments. In Sri Lanka, posters with images of female suicide bombers were regularly displayed to highlight not only women’s courage and to challenge Tamil families to send their daughters to fight, but also to encourage men to dare to do the same.98 Doing less than a woman is regarded as doing nothing for the fight.

Following the first suicide bombing carried out by a Palestinian woman, in an editorial from 1 February 2002 titled “It’s a Woman!” the Egyptian Islamist weekly Al-Sha’ab wrote: “It is a woman who teaches you today a lesson in heroism, who teaches you the meaning of Jihad, and the way to die a martyr’s death. It is a woman who has inscribed, in letters of fire, the battle of martyrdom that horrified the heart of the enemy’s entity. It is a woman who has shocked the enemy, with her thin, meager, and weak body…. It is a woman who blew herself up, and with her exploded all the myths about women’s weakness, submissiveness, and enslavement.”99

In her martyr video, 18-year-old Ayat al-Akhras, a Palestinian woman who carried out a suicide bombing at an Israeli supermarket in 2002, commented, “I say to the Arab leaders, stop sleeping. Stop failing to fulfill your duty. Shame on the Arab armies who are sitting and watching the girls of Palestine while fighting. They are asleep.”100

In Inspire 4 from 2011, an article named “Roshonara & Taimour:101 Followers of the Borderless Loyalty” was published. In the article, Roshonara’s acts are described not only as a good deed, rather, she has fulfilled a deed that is fard ‘ayn [individually obligatory]:

Only a few brave people get to fulfill that special deed. A woman my brothers! Shame on all the men for sitting on their hands while one of our women has taken up the individual jihad! She felt the need to do it simply because our men gave all too many excuses to refrain from it…. To the men of the Ummah: Take the example of this woman and you will find success in the afterlife.102

The Swedish suicide bomber Taimour Abdulwahab al-Abdaly, however, is mentioned in another way:

In Sweden, the hero Taimour Abdulwahab al-Abdaly, may Allah accept him as a shahid, has fulfilled his individual duty towards Allah in an operation that was long overdue to remind

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